Addressing nuclear testing in former colonial territories is a critical SPECPOL topic that examines the long-term political, environmental, and humanitarian consequences of nuclear tests conducted during the 20th century. Seeing as these former colonies continue to face radioactive contamination, public health crises and displacement of indigenous populations, the major powers must either assume responsibility or deny any accountability. As such, this topic area touches upon historical responsibility, environmental remediation, victim assistance, transparency of archival data, and international legal obligations. Not only that, but delegates must face the glaring question: should former colonies remain dependent on their former colonisers for aid or should a potentially fairer system be put in place?